B027661 - PHYSICS II A

italian

Electric charge. Coulomb’s law. Electric field. Gauss’s law. Electric potential. Conductors. Insulators. Semi-conductors. Capacitors. Electric current. Circuits. Magnetism.
Introduction to experimental errors. Linear regression and chi-square. Definition of experimental measurements in physics. Elements of electrical circuits in d.c. and a.c. currents. Principal theorems and laws to solve simple circuits.

Mazzoldi, Nigro, Voci - Elementi di fisica - Elettromagnetismo e Onde.
Introduzione all’analisi degli errori, J.R.Taylor, Zanichelli
Circuiti Elettrici, C.K.Alexander-M.N.O.Sadiku, McGraw-Hill

The course intends to introduce the student to the concepts and laws of Electrostatic. Moreover, it will introduce the student to the quantitative evaluation of experimental measurements and the sources of error. The students will perform simple laboratory experiments involving electrical circuits. The measurements will be analysed and presented in a written report.

Mandatory courses: Physics I

Reccomended Courses Mathematics I

Total number of hours for Lectures:36
Laboratory activities (hours): 14

Written and oral exam and discusiion on the laboratory experience.

Electric force and notes on the first discoveries on electrical phenomena: charge by rubbing and electroscope. Electric charge concept and induction processes. System of units of measurement.
Coulomb's law, superposition principle and definition of electrostatic field (e.s.).
Examples of field calculation: point charges and distributed charges. Lines of force. Millikan experience.
Work and electric potential, electromotive force, potential energy. Calculation of potential and dry fields conservative. Potential and potential energy for point and distributed charges. Conservation of energy in electrostatics. Definition of equipotential surface.
Examples of calculation of work and energy, es .. Motion of a charge in a uniform electric field.
Vector operators: gradient, divergence and rotor; gradient, divergence and Stokes theorems. Local properties of the e.s.
Example of the calculation of the bond potential of the hydrogen atom and calculation of the potential and e.s. of a circular charge distribution, of a loaded disc, of a flat charge distribution and of a double flat charge distribution.
Electric dipole, calculation of the potential. Nabla operator in polar coordinates and calculation of the e.s. dipole. Introduction to the multipole potential.
Forces exerted on an electric dipole. Uniform field: moment of forces and potential energy.Non-uniform field: example of calculation of the resultant of the forces for a simple e.s field.
Example of calculation of the electric fields of two aligned dipoles, energy e.s. of the system and force between the two dipoles. Energy d.e. of two dipoles placed parallel and comparison with the thermal energy to the environment. Straight wire uniformly charged and strength on a dipole placed orthogonally to the wire. Electric dipole oscillating in a field e.s.
Solid angle and vector flow. Eg flow calculation through a spherical cap. Field flow d.e. of point charge. Gauss theorem. Integral and local notation of the theorem, definition of Maxwell's equations for the e.s. Laplacian operator, Poisson and Laplace equations.
Calculation of the field generated by a spherical charge distribution, by a loaded cylinder, by a loaded cylindrical shell and by a spherical charge distribution with density dependent on r, through the Gauss theorem.
Conductors: distribution of surface charges, dry field inside and on the surface, Coulomb's theorem. Hollow conductors, complete induction processes and dry shield perfect.
Forces between conducting spheres, calculation of the potential.
Capacitors: calculation of the capacity of a spherical and flat capacitor. Circuits with concentrated constants, capacitors in parallel and in series.
Attraction force between the armatures in the case of the insulated capacitor.
Field energy e.s.: calculation for a flat capacitor and general formula.
Example: calculation of the field energy for a spherical and cylindrical capacitor. Various other examples of calculating the e.s. energy.

Introduction to experimental errors. Linear regression and chi-square. Definition of experimental measurements in physics. Elements of electrical circuits in d.c. and a.c. currents. Principal theorems and laws to solve simple circuits.