Heat, work, internal energy, enthalpy, thermal capacity, entropy, Gibbs and Helmholtz free energy. First, second and third principle of thermodynamics. Ideal and real gases. State diagrams. Phase rule. Clausius-Clapeyron equation. Thermochemistry. Calorimetry. The chemical potential. Phase transition. Ideal solutions. Colligative properties. Chemical equilibrium, van't Hoff equation. Viscosity. Surface tension. Exercises. Lab practice. Numeric and theoric execrises on the subjects of this course
"Physical chemistry", P. Atkins, J. De Paula.
"Physical chemistry", D.A. McQuarrie, J. D. Simon.
"SPONTANEAMENTE. ESERCIZI RISOLTI DI CHIMICA FISICA", P. Lo Nostro, N. Peruzzi; Ed. Firenze University Press
Learning Objectives
Learn the fundamental concepts of basic Physical Chemistry, and acquire the physico-chemical approach to laboratory practice.
Prerequisites
Mathematics I, Experimental Physics, General and Inorganic Chemistry, Laboratory of General and Inorganic Chemistry.
Teaching Methods
Frontal/online lectures. Numeric exercises proposed by the teachers and solved in the class. Laboratory practice.
Further information
See at the Moodle page of this course
Type of Assessment
Written and oral tests.
Course program
First principle of thermodynamics, heat and work; thermal capacities Cp and Cv. State functions. Internal energy. Ideal gases. Reversible and irreversible processes. Isothermal, isobaric, isochore, adiabatic processes. Meyer equation. Enthalpy. Intensive and extensive quantities. The real gases, van der Waals equations. Kinetic theory of ideal gases. Open, closed, isolated, homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. Gibbs notion of phase. Entropy. Second principle of thermodynamics. Gibbs and Helmholtz free energy. State diagrams. p-V diagrams, critical isotherm, Andrews critical point. Gibbs phase rule. The equation of energy. Clausius-Clapeyron equation. Gibbs-Helmholtz equation. Hess and Kirchoff laws. Thermochemistry. Calorimetry. Chemical potential. Chemical potential and phase transitions. First and second order phase transitions. Ideal solutions. Colligative properties. Raoult and Henry laws. Electrolyte solutions. Chemical equilibrium and van't Hoff equation. Viscosity: viscous flow, Poiseuille law, temperature dependence of viscosity, viscometers.
Surface tension, tensiometers, surfactants and self-assembly. Solution of thermodynamics problems.
Laboratory practice: crystallinity index of a polymer through DSC, solution entalpy of a salt, specific heat of a solid, quantitave determination of the CO2 developed by dissolving a carbonate in acidic solution.